What tests are required for PCBA manufacturing?

27 December 2024

PCB assembly is a necessary step for a complete PCB. In order to ensure the quality of the product, the PCB needs to be tested at different stages of production to better enter the next work link. The following are the key tests in PCBA manufacturing:

1. Visual inspection

Visual inspection is the first step in PCBA testing. Use human eyes (manual inspection under a magnifying glass) or automatic AOI (high-resolution camera scanning and comparison with the original design.) Check whether the circuit board has obvious defects, such as possible soldering problems, misplaced components, or missing parts.

2. In-circuit test (ICT)

ICT mainly checks whether the various components on the PCB are operating normally and connected correctly. The probe contacts the test points on the PCB and tests the correct connection of the measured resistance and capacitance. Faults such as open circuits, short circuits, or incorrect component values can be found. It is fast and accurate, suitable for large-scale production.

3. Functional test (FCT)

Functional testing ensures that the PCB components can work properly during actual operation. It can identify problems that may not appear during ICT testing.

4. X-ray inspection

It is used to detect hidden defects in solder joints, especially for components such as ball grid arrays (BGAs), which plays a great role in high-density PCBs with complex designs.

5. Boundary scan test

It can check connection problems on PCBs without test probes, saving time and reducing the need for test points.

6. Environmental stress test

It can ensure that PCBAs can withstand various environmental conditions, simulate real-life scenarios and find possible potential failure points.

7. Flying probe test

For small-volume production or prototypes, flying probe testing is a flexible ICT alternative that can detect shorts, opens and component placement errors. It does not require custom fixtures and is suitable for small-volume production.

8. Aging test

It allows PCBs to run continuously under stress to identify faults.

Conclusion

PCBA manufacturing requires reliable testing to ensure that the final product delivered to customers is of high quality. Combining these tests can make PCBAs higher quality while reducing costs

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